Ikhabhoni emnyama, iyimpushana emnyama eyi-amorphous, ekhanyayo, exegayo futhi ecoliseke ngokwedlulele, engaqondwa njengephansi ebhodweni.
Kungumkhiqizo otholwe ngokushiswa okungaphelele noma ukubola okushisayo kwezinto ze-carbonaceous ezifana namalahle, igesi yemvelo, uwoyela osindayo, namafutha kaphethiloli ngaphansi kwesimo somoya onganele.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yekhabhoni emnyama yikhabhoni, okuyi-nanomaterial yokuqala eyakhiwe, yasetshenziswa futhi ekhiqizwa isintu njengamanje. , isohlwini lwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eyisisekelo engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amahle yimboni yamakhemikhali yamazwe ngamazwe.
Imboni ye-carbon black ibaluleke kakhulu embonini yamasondo, imboni yokudaya kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lemikhiqizo yokuphila kwabantu.
1. Ngokusho kokukhiqizwa
Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngesibani esimnyama, igesi emnyama, i-furnace emnyama kanye ne-slot black.
2. Ngokwenhloso
Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa okuhlukene, i-carbon black ivame ukuhlukaniswa ibe yi-carbon black ye-pigment, i-carbon black yerabha, i-carbon black conductive kanye ne-carbon black ekhethekile.
Ikhabhoni emnyama ye-pigment - Emazweni ngamazwe, ngokwekhono lokufaka umbala le-carbon black, ivamise ukuhlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu, okuyi-high-pigment carbon black, i-medium-pigment carbon black kanye ne-low-pigment carbon black.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvame ukumelwa yizinhlamvu ezintathu zesiNgisi, izinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala zibonisa ikhono lokufaka umbala le-carbon black, kanti uhlamvu lokugcina lubonisa indlela yokukhiqiza.
3. Ngokusho komsebenzi
Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngekhabhoni emnyama eqinisiwe, ikhabhoni enombala emnyama, i-carbon conductive emnyama, njll.
4. Ngokusho kwemodeli
Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ku-N220,
Ikhabhoni emnyama esetshenziswa embonini yenjoloba ibalelwa ngaphezu kwama-90% wengqikithi yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emnyama. Ikakhulukazi isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamathayi, njengamathayi emoto, amathayi kagandaganda, amathayi endiza, amathayi emoto kagesi, amathayi ebhayisikili, njll. Cishe amakhilogremu angu-10 e-carbon black ayadingeka ukuze kwenziwe isondo lemoto elivamile.
Ku-carbon black yenjoloba, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine ze-carbon black isetshenziswa ekwenzeni amathayi, kanti enye isetshenziswa kweminye imikhiqizo yenjoloba, njengamateyipu, amapayipi, izicathulo zenjoloba, njll. Embonini yemikhiqizo yenjoloba , ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon black account cishe ku-40 ~ 50% wokusetshenziswa kwenjoloba.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-carbon black isetshenziswe kakhulu ku-rubber yikhono layo elihle kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi "ukuqinisa". Leli khono "eliqinisayo" lekhabhoni emnyama latholwa okokuqala kunjoloba yemvelo kusukela ngo-1914. Manje sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kunjoloba yokwenziwa, ikhono lokuqinisa lekhabhoni emnyama lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu se-carbon black reinforcement ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugqoka kwesondo. Isondo elino-30% we-reinforced carbon black lingahamba amakhilomitha angu-48,000 kuya ku-64,000; kuyilapho igcwalisa inani elifanayo le-inert noma isigcwalisi esingaqinisi esikhundleni se-carbon Black, imayela layo lingamakhilomitha angu-4800 kuphela.
Ukwengeza, i-carbon black eqinisiwe ingase futhi ithuthukise izakhiwo zomzimba nemishini yemikhiqizo yenjoloba, njengamandla aqinile namandla okudabula. Isibonelo, ukwengeza i-reinforcing carbon black kunjoloba ecwebezelayo njengenjoloba yemvelo noma i-neoprene kungakhuphula amandla e-tensile cishe izikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-1.7 uma kuqhathaniswa nerabha eshisiwe ngaphandle kwe-carbon black; Enjolobeni, inganyuswa ibe izikhathi ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-12.
Embonini yenjoloba, uhlobo lwekhabhoni emnyama kanye nenani elihlanganiswayo kufanele kunqunywe ngokwenhloso kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ekunyatheleni amathayi, ukumelana nokugqokwa kufanele kucatshangelwe kuqala, ngakho-ke amakhabhoni amnyama aqinisa kakhulu, njengesithando somlilo esingazweli i-ultra-abrasion, isithando somlilo esingagugi okuphakathi nendawo esimnyama noma isithando somlilo esingabambeki phezulu, siyadingeka. ; ngenkathi unyathela kanye nerabha yesidumbu Izinto zidinga i-carbon black enokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-hysteresis kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuphansi.
