I-Rosin resin
Ngasikhathi sinye, iphinde ibe nokusabela kwe-carboxyl okufana ne-esterification, utshwala, ukwakheka kukasawoti, i-decarboxylation, kanye ne-aminolysis.
Ukucutshungulwa kabusha kwe-rosin kwesibili kusekelwe ezicini ze-rosin enamabhondi aphindwe kabili namaqembu e-carboxyl, futhi i-rosin iyalungiswa ukuze ikhiqize uchungechunge lwe-rosin eguquliwe, ethuthukisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwe-rosin.
I-rosin resin isetshenziswa embonini yokunamathisela ukwandisa i-viscosity, ukushintsha ukunamathela okunamathelayo, izakhiwo ezihlangene, njll.
I-rosin resin iyinhlanganisela ye-tricyclic diterpenoid, etholakala kumakristalu e-monoclinic angenalutho ku-ethanol enamanzi. Iphuzu elincibilikayo liyi-172 ~ 175°C, futhi ukuzungeza kwe-optical ngu-102° (i-ethanol engamanzi). Ayincibiliki emanzini, incibilika ku-ethanol, ibenzene, i-chloroform, i-ether, i-acetone, i-carbon disulfide futhi ihlanza isisombululo se-aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-rosin resin yemvelo. Ama-ester e-rosin acid (njenge-methyl esters, i-vinyl alcohol esters, nama-glycerides) asetshenziswa kumapende namavanisha, kodwa nasezinsipho, kumapulasitiki, nasezinsikeni.
I-polyol ester ye-rosin acid. Ama-polyols asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-glycerol ne-pentaerythritol. I-polyol
Indawo yokuthambisa ye-pentaerythritol rosin ester iphakeme kune-glycerol rosin ester, futhi ukusebenza kokumisa, ukuqina, ukumelana kwamanzi nezinye izakhiwo ze-varnish zingcono kunezo ze-varnish ezenziwe nge-glycerol rosin ester.
Uma i-ester ehambisanayo eyenziwe nge-polymerized rosin noma i-hydrogenated rosin isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza, ukuthambekela kokushintsha umbala kuyehla, nezinye izakhiwo nazo zithuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Iphoyinti lokuthambisa le-polymerized rosin ester liphakeme kunalelo le-rosin ester, kuyilapho indawo yokuthambisa ye-hydrogenated rosin ester iphansi.
Ama-rosin esters acwengwa kusuka kuma-rosin resins. I-rosin resin yenziwa nge-esterification ye-rosin. Isibonelo, i-rosin glyceride yenziwe nge-rosin nge-esterification ye-glycerol.
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-rosin resin yi-resin acid, eyingxube ye-isomer ene-molecular formula C19H29 COOH; I-rosin ester ibhekisela kumkhiqizo otholwe ngemva kokufakwa kwe-esterification ye-rosin resin, ngoba iyinto ehlukile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi ububanzi buwubani. enkulu.
I-rosin-modified phenolic resin isabonakala kakhulu ngenqubo yendabuko yokuhlanganisa. Isinyathelo esisodwa ukuxuba i-phenol, i-aldehyde nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ne-rosin bese usabela ngokuqondile.
Ifomu lenqubo lilula, kodwa izidingo zokulawula ezifana nokushisa okulandelayo ziphakeme kakhulu; inqubo yezinyathelo ezimbili iwukuhlanganisa i-phenolic condensate emaphakathi kusengaphambili, bese usabela ngesistimu yerosin.
Isigaba ngasinye sokusabela esiqondile ekugcineni sakha inhlaka enenani eliphansi le-asidi, indawo yokuthambisa ephezulu, nesisindo samangqamuzana esiqhathanisekayo kanye nokuncibilika okuthile kuzincibilikisi zamafutha amaminerali.
1. Isinyathelo esisodwa senqubo yokusabela:
â Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-resole phenolic resin: I-Alkylphenol yengezwa ku-rosin encibilikisiwe, futhi i-paraformaldehyde ikhona ohlelweni ngefomu le-granular, bese ibola ibe yi-monomer formaldehyde, ebhekana nokusabela kwe-polycondensation nge-alkylphenol.
â¡ Ukwakheka kwe-methine quinone: ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, inqubo yokushisa, umsebenzi we-methylol ohlelweni ukhula ngokushesha, ukuphelelwa amanzi ngaphakathi kwe-molecule ye-methylol kwenzeka, futhi ukusabela kwe-condensation etherification phakathi kwama-molecule e-methylol kwenzeka, kwakheka. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-phenolic condensates ezinamadigri ahlukene we-polymerization ziyatholakala.
⢠Ukwengezwa kwe-rosin ku-methine quinone ne-maleic anhydride: Engeza i-maleic anhydride ku-180 °C, sebenzisa i-double bond engagcwalisiwe ye-maleic anhydride kanye ne-double bond ku-rosin acid ukuze wengeze, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa wengeza i-methine quinone ku-rosin. I-asidi iphinde ibhekane nokusabela kwe-Diels-Alder ukwengeza ukukhiqiza ama-maleic anhydride chromofuran compounds.
⣠I-Esterification ye-polyol: Ukuba khona kwamaqembu amaningi e-carboxyl ohlelweni kuzolimaza ibhalansi yesistimu futhi kubangele ukungazinzi kwe-resin.
Ngakho-ke, sengeza ama-polyols futhi sisebenzisa ukusabela kwe-esterification phakathi kwamaqembu e-hydroxyl we-polyols namaqembu e-carboxyl ohlelweni ukuze kwehliswe inani le-asidi yesistimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusebenzisa i-esterification yama-polyols, ama-polymers aphezulu afaneleka oyinki bokuphrinta be-offset akhiwa.
2. Izinyathelo ezimbili zenqubo yokusabela:
â Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst ekhethekile, i-formaldehyde yenza izinhlobonhlobo zama-oligomers e-resole phenolic aqukethe inani elikhulu le-methylol esebenzayo esixazululweni se-alkylphenol. Njengoba uhlelo lungenawo umthelela ovimbelayo we-rosin acid, ama-condensates anamayunithi esakhiwo angaphezu kuka-5 phenolic angahlanganiswa.
â¡ I-polyol ne-rosin zifakwa esterified ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst eyisisekelo, inani le-asidi elidingekayo lingafinyelelwa ngokushesha.
⢠Ku-rosin polyol ester esiphenduliwe, kancane kancane engeza i-resole phenolic resin ehlanganisiwe, lawula izinga lokwengeza okokwehla kanye nezinga lokushisa, bese uqedela ukuhlanganisa okudonsa phansi. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi ekugcineni i-resin oyifunayo iyakhiwa.
Inzuzo yenqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa yukuthi imfucuza isusiwe ngendlela ye-steam, okulula ukubhekana nayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukusabela kwe-phenolic condensation okwenzeka ku-rosin encibilikisiwe kujwayele ukusabela okuningi ohlangothini ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusabela kanye nokuhlakazeka okungalingani.
Ukulungiswa kunzima ukulawula, futhi akulula ukuthola imikhiqizo ezinzile ye-resin. Inzuzo yendlela yezinyathelo ezimbili ukuthi i-oligomer ye-phenolic condensation enesakhiwo esizinzile kanye nokwakheka ingatholakala, isigaba ngasinye sokusabela kulula ukuqapha, futhi izinga lomkhiqizo lizinzile.
Okubi ukuthi i-phenolic pulp condensate yendabuko kufanele incishiswe nge-asidi futhi ihlanjululwe ngamanzi amaningi ukuze ikhiphe usawoti ngaphambi kokuba iphendule nge-rosin, okuholela emanzini amaningi angcolile aqukethe i-phenol, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu imvelo futhi idla isikhathi esiningi.
Umbuzo wokulungile nokungalungile kwezinqubo zesinyathelo esisodwa kanye nezinyathelo ezimbili sekuyisikhathi eside kugxilwe ngabakhiqizi beyinki. Kodwa muva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwendlela yokungawashi yokuhlanganisa i-phenolic condensate, ukulinganisa kwendlela yokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili kuye kwakhuthazwa kakhulu.
