Umsuka
Ezweni lakithi, i-calcium yavela ngendlela yensimbi, esukela emuva komunye wamaphrojekthi abalulekile asizwa yiSoviet Union ezweni lakithi ngaphambi kuka-1958, ibhizinisi lezimboni lezempi eBaotou. Kubandakanya indlela ye-liquid cathode (electrolysis) umugqa wokukhiqiza i-calcium yensimbi. Ngo-1961, isilingo esincane sakhiqiza i-calcium yensimbi efanelekile.
Ukuthuthukiswa:
Yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ngokulungiswa kwesu lezwe lamabhizinisi ezimboni zamasosha kanye nesiphakamiso senqubomgomo "yezempi kuya komphakathi", i-calcium yensimbi yaqala ukungena emakethe yabantu. Ngo-2003, njengoba isidingo semakethe se-calcium yensimbi siqhubeka sikhula, i-Baotou City isibe yisizinda sokukhiqiza i-calcium esikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni, Lapho sinemigqa yokukhiqiza ye-electrolytic calcium, enekhono lokukhiqiza lonyaka lamathani angu-5,000 ensimbi yensimbi nemikhiqizo.
Ukuvela kweCalcium Aluminium Alloy:
Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kwe-metallic calcium (851°C), ukulahleka kwe-calcium ekushisweni kwenqubo yokwengeza i-calcium eyinsimbi oketshezini lomthofu oluncibilikisiwe kuphezulu cishe ku-10%, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme, ukulawula ukwakheka okunzima, kanye nesikhathi eside. ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okudla isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-alloy nge-aluminium yensimbi ne-calcium yensimbi ukuze incibilike kancane kancane ungqimba ngongqimba. Ukubukeka kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kuhloswe ngokuqondile ukuxazulula lesi sici ohlelweni lokulungiswa kwe-lead calcium aluminium alloy.
|
Indawo yokuncibilika ye-calcium-aluminium alloy |
|
|
Okuqukethwe kwe-Ca% |
I-Melting Point |
|
60 |
860 |
|
61 |
835 |
|
62 |
815 |
|
63 |
795 |
|
64 |
775 |
|
65 |
750 |
|
66 |
720 |
|
67 |
705 |
|
68 |
695 |
|
69 |
680 |
|
70 |
655 |
|
71 |
635 |
|
72 |
590 |
|
73 |
565 |
|
74 |
550 |
|
75 |
545 |
|
76 |
585 |
|
77 |
600 |
|
78 |
615 |
|
79 |
625 |
|
80 |
630 |
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kuyinqubo yokuncibilika nokuxubha endaweni ye-vacuum kusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngokwesilinganiso esithile se-calcium yensimbi ne-aluminium yensimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Calcium Aluminium Alloy:
I-calcium aluminium alloy ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa 70-75% calcium, 25-30% aluminium; 80-85% calcium, 15-20% aluminium; futhi 70-75% calcium 25-30%. Kungase futhi kube egcizelele Njengoba per imfuneko. Ingxubevange ye-calcium aluminium inokucwebezela kwensimbi, imvelo ephilayo, futhi impushana ecolekile kulula ukuyishisa emoyeni. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-master alloy, icwecwe ne-ejenti yokunciphisa ekuncibilikiseni insimbi. Imikhiqizo ihlinzekwa ngesimo samabhulokhi emvelo, futhi ingaphinda icutshungulwe ibe yimikhiqizo yezinhlayiyana ezinosayizi abahlukene ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwekhwalithi ye
Njenge-alloy eyinhloko, izidingo zekhwalithi ze-calcium aluminium alloy ziqine kakhulu. (1) Okuqukethwe kwe-metallic calcium kuyashintshashintsha ebangeni elincane; (2) Ingxubevange akumele ibe nokuhlukaniswa; (3) Ukungcola okuyingozi kufanele kulawulwe phakathi kwebanga elifanele; (4) Akumele kube ne-oxidation ebusweni bengxubevange; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa, ukupakishwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kuyadingeka Inqubo kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Futhi abakhiqizi be-calcium-aluminium alloys esibahlinzekayo kufanele babe neziqu ezisemthethweni.
Ezokuthutha nokugcina
Amakhemikhali e-calcium aluminium alloy asebenza kakhulu. Kulula ukwenza i-oxidize futhi kushise kalula lapho kuvezwe emlilweni, emanzini kanye nomthelela onzima.
1. Ukupakisha
Ngemva kokuba ingxubevange ye-calcium aluminium ichotshoziwe ngokusho kokucaciswa okuthile, ifakwa esikhwameni sepulasitiki, ikalwe, igcwaliswe nge-argon gas, ivalwe ngokushisa, bese ifakwa esigubhu sensimbi (isigubhu esijwayelekile samazwe ngamazwe). I-iron barrel inemisebenzi emihle engangeni manzi, eyedwa emoyeni futhi emelene nomthelela.
2. Ukulayisha nokukhipha
Ngesikhathi sokulayisha nokulayisha, i-forklift noma i-crane (i-electric hoist) kufanele isetshenziselwe ukulayisha nokukhipha. Izigubhu zensimbi akufanele neze zigoqwe noma ziphonswe phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala esikhwameni sokupakisha nokulahlekelwa isivikelo. Izimo ezibucayi kakhulu zingabangela ukushiswa kwengxube ye-calcium aluminium esigubhu.
3. Ezokuthutha
Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, gxila ekuvimbeleni umlilo, ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nokuvimbela umthelela.
4. Isitoreji
Impilo yeshelufu ye-calcium aluminium alloy yizinyanga ezi-3 ngaphandle kokuvula umgqomo. Ingxubevange ye-calcium ye-aluminium akufanele igcinwe endaweni evulekile, futhi kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile, yokugcina impahla engenakuna. Ngemuva kokuvula isikhwama sokupakisha, kufanele sisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ingxubevange ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi, umoya osesikhwameni sokupakisha kufanele uphele. Bopha umlomo ngokuqinile ngentambo, bese uwubuyisela esigubhuni sensimbi. Vala ukuze uvimbele i-alloy oxidation.
5. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuchoboza ingxubevange ye-calcium-aluminium ezigubhu zensimbi noma izikhwama zokupakisha ezine-calcium-aluminium alloy ukugwema umlilo. Ukuchotshozwa kwe-calcium aluminium alloy kufanele kwenziwe epuleti le-aluminium.
